Explore the intricacies of default risk in bonds, examining factors influencing issuer reliability and historical default rates across bond categories.
Explore the intricacies of bond rating scales, understand the distinctions between investment-grade and speculative-grade ratings, and learn how these ratings influence investor perceptions and bond pricing.
Explore essential financial ratios for credit analysis in fixed income, including leverage, coverage, and liquidity ratios. Learn calculation methods, interpretation, and industry benchmarks to optimize your bond investment strategies.
Explore the critical role of cash flow analysis in evaluating an issuer's ability to meet debt obligations. Learn about operating cash flows, free cash flow, and cash flow projections, and understand the impact of capital expenditures, working capital changes, and financing activities.
Explore the essential role of credit rating agencies in evaluating municipal bonds, understand the rating scales, and learn how these ratings impact bond pricing and investor demand.